A Bitcoin transaction that costs $75 to $150 in GPU compute is not built for daily use, but it may still matter.
StarkWare chief product officer Avihu Levy has put forward a scheme called Quantum Safe Bitcoin, or QSB, that he says could make new BTC transfers resistant to quantum attacks without changing the Bitcoin protocol.
The proposal is designed to work even against a large quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm.
A Workaround Inside Bitcoin’s Existing Rules
Levy’s plan stays within the crypto’s current legacy script limits and does not require a soft fork. Instead of relying on elliptic curve math, QSB swaps in a hash-to-signature puzzle.
In simple terms, the sender must find an input whose hash output happens to look like a valid ECDSA signature, a process that depends on brute-force work rather than the kind of math quantum computers are expected to break.
That makes the scheme unusual. It does not try to rebuild Bitcoin from the ground up. It tries to bolt on a narrow shield using rules that already exist.
The researchers describe it as a temporary answer while the bigger question of its long-term quantum defense remains unsettled.
Praise, Pushback And A Narrow Use Case
StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson called the work “huge” and said it essentially makes Bitcoin quantum-safe today. But not everyone agrees with that framing.
Bitcoin ESG specialist Daniel Batten said the claim goes too far because the paper does not address exposed public keys or dormant wallets.
He pointed to an estimated 1.7 million BTC sitting in early P2PK addresses that could be vulnerable if a quantum computer becomes powerful enough to crack them.
The new scheme also comes with a sharp limit on who might use it. According to the proposal, it is more complex than a standard BTC transaction and only makes sense for large transfers. The reported compute cost makes it a poor fit for routine payments.
A Temporary Fix, Not The Final Answer
The debate around quantum risk has already split the Bitcoin community. Some argue for leaving Bitcoin unchanged to preserve its original design.
Others want vulnerable coins frozen or burned. A separate group wants the protocol upgraded to support quantum-safe signatures.
Image: Post Quantum
Levy’s proposal lands in the middle of that fight, giving users a last-resort option while skipping the need for network-wide consensus.
The researchers still say protocol-level changes are the better long-term path. They also acknowledged that the QSB approach is non-standard, does not scale to all users, and does not cover use cases such as the Lightning Network.
The timing of the paper matters too. Google published research in March that added fresh pressure to the debate, and Lightning Labs chief technology officer Olaoluwa Osuntokun followed with a quantum fallback prototype on Wednesday.